Vyākaraṇa Atlas

Kātantra

Kāt 2.5.29

anavyayavisṛṣṭas tu sakāraṃ kapavargayoḥ//

翻译

而非不变词的止音 (ḥ)在 k、p 两组前变成 s 字母。

Vṛtti 注释

anavyayavisṛṣṭas tu kapavargayoḥ parayoḥ sakāram āpadyate, samāse kva cil lakṣyānurodhāt, ayaspāśam, ayaskalpam, ayaskāmyati, ayaskam, pāśakalpakāmyakeṣu dṛśyate.
raprakṛteḥ kāmye na bhavati, gīḥkāmyati, dhūḥkāmyati.
ayaskāraḥ, ayaskāmaḥ, ayaskaṃsaḥ, ayaskumbhaḥ.

kṛñkāmikaṃsakumbheṣu samāse 'yam ataḥ paraḥ,
anuttare kuśākarṇyor bhāskarādiṣu lakṣyataḥ.

nañā nirdiṣṭam anityam, namaskartum, puraskartum ity ādayaḥ.

笔记

而在有的复合词中,当后面是 k、p 两组时,非不变词的止音变成 sa 字母,因为要强调特征。%PS.8.3.34,38,40--54

例如 ayaspāśam (烂铁), ayaskalpam (像铁), ayaskāmyati (想要铁), ayaskam (不知谁的铁),见于 pāśa、kalpa、kāmya、和 ka 前。%PS.8.3.38,ka 词缀表示不知道,见 PS.5.3.73
以 ra 为原形的在 kāmya 前不是这样,例如 gīḥkāmyati (想要语言), dhūḥkāmyati (想要车轴)。%PS.8.3.38 大疏 varttika \kat{3.2.6}

还有 ayaskāraḥ (铁匠), ayaskāmaḥ (想要铁的),ayaskaṃsaḥ (铁杯), ayaskumbhaḥ (铁罐)。%PS.2.4.10、PS.8.3.46 kāra\kat{4.3.1}
在复合词中,非后词、a 字母之后的,在 kṛñ、kāmi、kaṃsa、kumbha 前,在 kuśā、karṇa 之前,在 bhāskara (太阳) 等词中,因为表特征。%bhāskara,PS.8.3.48 \kat{4.3.23}
用否定说明不一定。例如 namaskartum (敬礼), puraskartum (尊敬) 等等。%namas 和 puras 必须是 gati,否则不变。PS.8.3.40

%iti daurgasiṃhyāṃ vṛttau nāmni catuṣṭaye samāsapādaḥ samāptaḥ.
至此险狮子注中名词四节的复合词一节完。

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